Things the Madhabs Agree On in Wuḍūʾ

The points below are what the madhabs agree upon in the chapter of wuḍūʾ.

• Ṭahārah (purity) is of two types: purification from ritual impurity (ḥadath) and from physical filth (najāsah).

• Purification from ritual impurity is of three kinds: wuḍūʾ, ghusl, and their substitute, tayammum.

• Wuḍūʾ is obligatory upon everyone for whom the ṣalāh is obligatory, once its time has entered.

• Wuḍūʾ is obligatory upon the one who is past puberty and of sound mind, by consensus (ijmāʿ).

• Intention (niyyah) is required in acts of worship.

• Washing the face in its entirety is among the obligatory acts of wuḍūʾ.

• Washing the hands and forearms is among the obligatory acts of wuḍūʾ.

• Wiping over the head is among the obligatory acts of wuḍūʾ.

• Washing each limb once is obligatory provided it is done thoroughly; washing twice or three times is recommended.

• The two feet are among the limbs of wuḍūʾ.

• Those who held the view of wiping over footwear agreed on the permissibility of wiping over the khuffayn (leather socks).

• It is permissible to wipe over a sound khuff, meaning one that is intact and not torn.

• Among the conditions for wiping over the khuffayn is that the two feet were already pure with the purity of wuḍūʾ at the time they were put on.

• Whoever puts on one khuff before washing the other foot, then removes the first khuff after washing the second foot and puts it back on, may wipe over the khuffayn.

• The nullifiers of the purity gained by wiping over the khuffayn are the very same nullifiers of wuḍūʾ.

• Abundant, sea-like (mustabḥir) water is not harmed by impurity that has not changed any of its qualities, and it remains pure.

• The amount of water normally used for wuḍūʾ purifies a drop of urine that has fallen on a garment or the body.

• It is not valid to perform wuḍūʾ with water that has been cooked with something pure (a decoction), nor with waters extracted from plants (tree-water) or rose-water.

• Wuḍūʾ is nullified by whatever exits from the two passages.

• Wuḍūʾ is not required on account of eating food that fire has touched (cooked food).

• Wuḍūʾ becomes obligatory upon the loss of the intellect (ʿaql) of any kind, such as fainting.

• Water whose taste, colour, or smell (or more than one of these qualities) has been changed by impurity (najāsah) is not valid for wuḍūʾ or for purification.